LETTER TO THE EDITOR BY LAURA BLACKBURN

It’s hard to resist the temptation to review the first two meetings of the “new” city council. You know – the 2016 edition of the Evansville City Council that was supposed to be devoid of rancor, confusion, and general disrespectful behavior toward one another and the public.

That’s what the gushing post campaign rhetoric predicted. As advertised, the newbies would happily fall in behind new “leaders” Mosby and Weaver, engage in a group hug and coordinate their praise of the administration. Well, that last part was largely a presumed promise, understood but not spoken out loud.

It doesn’t much matter whether they are Republican or Democrat because we have ushered in the enlightened era of “transpartisanship.” That’s a relatively new political term just now being used in this fine city to describe “those who claim allegiance to one political party but covertly serve another party strictly for convenience, power or personal gain.” A “transpartisan” serves only his/her own interests. He/she is out to get for himself/herself whatever he/she can. He/she is ruthless, and deception is his/her preferred tool.

Getting back to that first fateful City Council meeting, without focusing on the already well-reported actions and resulting divisiveness that has been forced upon this city. It seemed the council members might have each been given a script and told the plot of the production that was about to be performed on the big stage. But then two members were clearly not comfortable with the preordained story line and they voiced their displeasure in improvised terms. Adding to that element of surprise, the large and emotional audience demanded to inject themselves into the comedy turned tragedy. Chaos ensued. Some council members were outraged by the events, others were befuddled and others were quite simply startled into silence.

Perhaps part of the cause for confusion was the “orientation” session for the new council members that the mayor orchestrated before they were sworn in. A great, newsworthy photo op and surely just a helpful gesture (sarcasm noted). But some observers were left wondering why one branch of government was so brash and presumptive as to instruct another branch in how to do its job. Separation of powers and checks and balances seem to have finally been thrown out the Civic Center window.

As the premier performance played out, we got the impression that the mayor’s orientation also skipped the part about how every council member is supposed to make learned decisions that best serve the taxpayers, and each has a duty to participate. Despite all the repeated declarations of being in touch with “constituents, constituents, constituents,” this concept was altogether absent from the first council gathering.

It was just like community theatre if the amateur actors aren’t allowed to have that critical final dress rehearsal. Hopefully, that was prevented by the “new” attorney, who earned a well-deserved mulligan for his efforts to steer everyone in the room through the details of Robert’s Rules of Order during a live and lively event. Maybe he cautioned them against making decisions beforehand and merely announcing them in public. Surely he did.

The second meeting was only better by comparison and because the agenda contained less inflammatory matters. It looked like there had been some major league effort to demonstrate consensus and pre-coordinate the activity. The new president proclaimed even the most minor action as “great” with near giddiness. She reached occasionally for her big FC Tucker beverage container.

Then the feces hit the blade again. Once again it centered on preventing public comment. It was clear that efforts to get Councilwoman Robinson to do anything other than what she decides is best for the people of the Fourth Ward will fail miserably. Going along just to get along is not going to fly. Don’t bother handing her a script in advance.

It was pretty obvious that they had read the editorials in the daily newspaper. Councilman McGinn was more verbal, as he twirled his ink pen, occasionally glancing to his right, as if to make sure John Friend had not reappeared. His financial leadership will be interesting to observe.

Councilman Adams also had a newfound voice and exuberance for what is in the public’s best interest. Had he been more thoughtful and decisive as council president in 2015, he might have found himself sitting with people other than those he will be seeing on Monday nights going forward.

The newbies tried to interject themselves into the second meeting, with varying degrees of success. Councilwoman Hargis should be comfortable with the process, since she was seated front and center in the audience at most meetings last year. Council members Elpers, Brinkmeyer and Mercer made mild attempts to prove they weren’t “just along for the ride.” Even though he has been catapulted into leadership, Councilman Weaver still seemed to be perpetually annoyed.

It will get better, or not. A wise man once said, “Be careful what you ask for because you might get it.” If the first two meetings are any indication, things will get very entertaining when the “new” council moves from simple housekeeping matters and on to serious business. And this will take place with the over-riding influence of our new “transpartisanship” where Republican and Democrat labels are meaningless.

FOOTNOTE: This letter was posted without opinion, bias or editing.  Any response to this letter shall be posted without opinion, bias or editing.

Few Doctors Are Willing, Able to Prescribe Powerful Anti-Addiction Drugs
January 15, 2016 By Christine Vestal

SAN FRANCISCO — Dr. Kelly Eagen witnesses the ravages of drug abuse every day. As a primary care physician at a public health clinic here in the Tenderloin, she sees many of the city’s most vulnerable residents.

Most are homeless. Many suffer from mental illness or are substance abusers. For those addicted to opioid painkillers or heroin, buprenorphine is a lifesaver, Eagen said. By eliminating physical withdrawal symptoms and obsessive drug cravings, it allows her patients to pull their lives together and learn how to live without drugs.

Clinical studies show that U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved opioid addiction medicines like buprenorphine offer a far greater chance of recovery than treatments that don’t involve medication, including 12-step programs and residential stays.

But as the country’s opioid epidemic kills more and more Americans, some of the hardest-hit communities across the country don’t have enough doctors who are able — or willing — to supply those medications to the growing number of addicts who need them.

More than 900,000 U.S. physicians can write prescriptions for painkillers such as OxyContin, Percocet and Vicodin. But because of a federal law, fewer than 32,000 doctors are authorized to prescribe buprenorphine to people who become addicted to those and other opioids. Most doctors with a license to prescribe buprenorphine seldom — if ever — use it.

Buprenorphine is the primary addiction treatment tool for Eagen and the seven other staff physicians at the Tom Waddell Urban Health Clinic.

Getting patients started on the medication can be time-consuming. When they’re too busy with other patients, they rely on a small medical team at a county-funded center in the nearby Mission District to screen patients and, if the medication is appropriate for them, determine the correct dose.

At this central “induction center” on Howard Street, a half-time doctor, two nurse practitioners, a behavioral health counselor and two administrators have been providing screening and initial care for low-income opioid and heroin addicts since 2003.

Eagen said working with the Howard Street team makes her life easier. “When the patient is handed back to me, I know that the person is not at risk for imminent relapse. They’re the easiest patients I have.”

Unrealized Potential
With its long history of providing drug treatment and free health care to uninsured residents, San Francisco is particularly well-equipped to battle the opioid and heroin epidemic. But even here, federal prescribing restrictions and lack of information keeps many doctors from entering the fray.

When the National Institute on Drug Abuse funded the research that led to buprenorphine’s development more than a decade ago, it hoped that office-based prescribing of buprenorphine, which comes in a soft tablet and dissolvable film, would mean greater access to addiction medication nationwide.

It hasn’t happened. Most doctors claim they don’t have the training or the time to treat high-maintenance opioid addicts in their busy practices, despite urgent calls from federal and state officials. “I really think doctors are scared of prescribing it,” Eagen said. “They worry they’re going to make people sick when they start taking it.”

But an increasing number of physicians are starting to push for greater use of buprenorphine.

“We doctors are the ones who caused this epidemic by overprescribing pain medications. We need to get more involved in fixing it,” said Kelly Pfeifer, a physician with the California HealthCare Foundation, which advocates for greater availability of addiction treatment and prevention.

Nationwide, about 21.5 million people 12 and older, or 8 percent, had some kind of substance use disorder in the past year, according to a national survey by the U.S. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Of those, almost one in 10 were hooked on painkillers — 1.9 million — and more than half a million were hooked on heroin. And those numbers are rising. Among the low-income adult population served by Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act, the rate is much higher: An estimated 13 percent of newly eligible Medicaid enrollees suffer from addiction.

In California, which was among the first states to expand Medicaid, as many as 370,000, of the 2.9 million people newly eligible for Medicaid, may be in need of treatment.

Under a first-of-its-kind agreement with the federal government, California’s county-run Medicaid programs are slated to begin covering a full set of addiction treatment options recommended by the American Society of Addiction Medicine, including opioid addiction medications. San Francisco County and the rest of the Bay Area will be the first to roll out the new drug treatment benefits later this year.

Federal Rules
Three medications have been approved to treat opioid and heroin addiction. Methadone, a long-acting opioid that fulfills the addicted brain’s perceived need for heroin, was approved for treatment in 1964 and is dispensed at highly regulated clinics scattered around the country, mostly in urban areas.

Patients must visit the clinics daily to swallow a liquid dose of methadone under supervision of a certified health professional. For many, that means traveling substantial distances early in the morning before work. Some patients can qualify for take-home doses for use on weekends.

Naltrexone, a daily pill approved in 1984 for heroin addiction, can also be prescribed by a doctor. But until 2010, when naltrexone was introduced in injectable form, as Vivitrol, it was considered much less effective than either methadone or buprenorphine at keeping people in recovery from heroin addiction.

Buprenorphine, approved in 2002, is prescribed by doctors in an office setting, making it much more convenient than methadone. Patients simply pick up a monthly supply of the medication and take it on their own. Like methadone, it is a long-acting opioid that relieves drug cravings and physical withdrawal symptoms with fewer of the side effects of other opioids.

In anticipation of buprenorphine’s approval, a 2000 federal law required doctors to seek a special license from the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration to prescribe it. The federal law requires eight hours of training and limits the number of patients per doctor to 30 in the first year and 100 in subsequent years. That limit was established to prevent “pill mills,” in which doctors prescribe the medication for a fee without ensuring that patients are actually using the pills to stay in recovery from a drug addiction.

Although the vast majority of doctors with a buprenorphine license see only a few patients, the federal limit prevents some doctors in high-demand communities and urban neighborhoods from providing care to everyone in need.

In response to the worsening heroin and opioid epidemic, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services is considering an increase in the patient limit for prescribing buprenorphine. Advocates for greater availability of addiction medicines argue HHS should go further, eliminating the cap altogether and allowing nurse practicioners and physician assistants to prescribe the medication.

But the federal government argues that without adequate record keeping and physician oversight, too many patients could end up selling the medication on the street.

Although buprenorphine does not produce the euphoric effects of heroin, many drug users purchase it to tide themselves over until they can score the real thing. Doctors who advocate for greater use of buprenorphine argue that the threat of diversion is minor compared to the lifesaving potential of the drug.

‘Summer of Love’
Buprenorphine doesn’t just save lives by fighting addiction, advocates say. It also connects drug addicts to mainstream medical care and can help improve their health, which drug users typically neglect.

Dr. David Smith, a San Francisco physician credited with starting the first free health clinic in the country, in 1967, argues that in the long run, patients are better off in the care of physicians than addiction treatment providers, such as counselors and therapists, without medical training.

“We’re finding that when people with addictions start going to a primary care doctor, their physical health starts to improve, too. They start getting regular treatment for diabetes, infections and heart disease, for example,” Smith said. “They tend to stay in treatment longer and their outcomes tend to be much better.”

Smith, who runs a private addiction practice here, treated young middle-class kids who flocked to the Haight-Ashbury neighborhood during the “Summer of Love,” in 1967, to experiment with drugs. Many were dying of overdoses and nearly all of them were neglecting their health, he said.

“I came to a realization back then that health care was a right, not a privilege, and I’ve never changed my thinking,” Smith said. Hundreds of other doctors came to the same realization in the 1980s, when the city became ground zero in the AIDS epidemic.

Then in the 1990s, heroin returned and doctors realized that intravenous drug users were getting HIV. “People were dying all over the city,” said Dr. Judith Martin, medical director for substance abuse services at the San Francisco Department of Public Health.

Many of San Francisco’s doctors began embracing methadone, the only addiction medication back then, Martin said. Addicts who showed up at clinics to get their daily cup of methadone weren’t dying of overdoses and they weren’t contracting AIDS. As a result, Martin said, the department’s doctors are believers in addiction medicines and they’re committed to fighting the disease.

As soon as buprenorphine was approved, the department asked all of its doctors to apply for federal permission to prescribe it, and nearly all did. They were eager to help. But the prospect of fitting droves of drug-addicted new patients into their busy practices worried them.

So in 2003 the department and San Francisco General Hospital teamed up to make it easier for doctors to work with patients fighting addiction. At a cost of about $1 million per year in general tax revenue, more than 1,300 addicts have passed through the Howard Street doors and on to the care of doctors elsewhere in the city.

Once the clinic transfers patients to a primary care provider, they are removed from the rolls, allowing Howard Street’s lone doctor to keep initiating people on buprenorphine without exceeding her 100-patient limit.

San Francisco has seven methadone clinics, more than most cities its size. It also has two mobile clinics that travel to underserved neighborhoods and the jail. Three primary care sites and two pharmacies are also licensed to distribute methadone.

Getting Started
On a rainy Monday morning earlier this month, four of the eight patients in Howard Street’s Spartan waiting area sat uncomfortably on metal chairs looking like they had the flu. They were the ones scheduled to receive their first dose of buprenorphine. A handful of other patients looked much happier. They were the ones who had gotten through the rough part.

For patients who decide to quit opioids or heroin and get on buprenorphine, the first step is to stop using drugs for at least 12 hours or until they start having at least moderate withdrawal symptoms — chills, fever, body aches, watery eyes and restlessness.

That’s what they’re told when they walk in to the center on the ground floor not far from the city’s financial district, in the same building as the Department of Public Health’s mental health and residential substance abuse branch. From the Tenderloin, it’s a short walk downhill.

Patients come on their own to sign up or get referred here by a primary care doctor, a county jail or a hospital. Many want to try buprenorphine but don’t know what to expect. Some are on their second or third try at sobriety.

The first visit takes at least two hours, sometimes more, and patients are almost always filled with anxiety, said Jadine Cehand, the nurse practitioner on duty. Many are ambivalent about their decision to quit, she said. Nearly all patients are fearful of what lies ahead. “We keep telling them that they’re doing the right thing,” she said.

After the first day, patients take a dose or two of the medication home with them and come back every morning for the rest of the week to report their symptoms and get another dose. Check-ins can be less frequent the week after, depending on how they respond to the medication. “It’s amazing to see how quickly they improve,” Cehand said. “By the end of the week they come in with their hair washed and a smile on their faces.”

Ivy Tech Community College has named Marsha Jackson as Executive Director of Marketing & Communications for the combined Southwest/Wabash Valley region.

Jackson graduated from Indiana State University with a bachelor’s degree in Journalism and continued her education at the University of Evansville to obtain her master’s degree in Public Service Administration.

Jackson comes to Ivy Tech Community College from the Evansville Vanderburgh School Corporation, where she has served as the Chief Communication Officer since 2007. Prior to the EVSC, Jackson was the News Director at the University of Evansville.

Jackson is a member of the National School Public Relations Association, a graduate of Leadership Evansville, a former American Cancer Society board member and a former Court Appointed Special Advocate (CASA) board member.

“We are excited to have Marsha join our leadership team at the College,” said Ivy Tech Chancellor, Jonathan Weinzapfel. “She is a leader in her field with years of top-notch experience and proven expertise.”

Jackson will assume her new role February 15, 2016.

Helping Drug-Addicted Inmates Break the Cycle
By Christine Vestal

DEADLY BIAS: Why Medication Isn’t Reaching The Addicts Who Need It

BUZZARDS BAY, Mass. — A week before 22-year-old Joe White was slated for release from the Barnstable County Correctional Facility, 26 law enforcement officials and social workers huddled around a table to discuss his prospects on the outside.

In the first two weeks after a drug user is released from jail, the risk of a fatal overdose is much higher than at any other time in his addiction. After months or years in confinement, theoretically without access to illicit drugs, an addict’s tolerance for drugs is low but his craving to get high can be as strong as ever.

Most inmates start using drugs again immediately upon release. If they don’t die of an overdose, they often end up getting arrested again for drug-related crimes. Without help, very few are able to put their lives back together while battling obsessive drug cravings.

Barnstable, on Cape Cod about 70 miles from Boston, has broken that cycle with the help of a relatively new addiction medication, Vivitrol, which blocks the euphoric effects of opioids and reduces cravings. Such medications have been shown to be far more effective at helping people quit drugs than counseling and group therapy programs that do not include medication.

But even as the nation grapples with an epidemic of opioid overdoses, the use of medication to treat opioid addiction has faced stiff resistance: Only about a fifth of the people who would benefit from the medications are getting them.

The opposition is especially strong in prisons and jails. About two-thirds of the nation’s 2.3 million inmates are addicted to drugs or alcohol, compared to 9 percent of the general population, according to a study by the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University. Yet only 11 percent of addicted inmates receive any treatment.

White, whose story was relayed by Barnstable officials and who asked that his real name not be used, was a homeless substance abuser when he began a yearlong stint for stealing credit cards. He was set to receive a Vivitrol injection two days before he walked out — improving his chances of surviving long enough to get a second 30-day injection and some counseling.

Barnstable has been offering the medication to departing inmates for nearly four years. During that period, the recidivism rate among Vivitrol recipients has been 9 percent. That’s compared to a national re-arrest rate for drug offenders of 77 percent within five years of release, according to the Bureau of Justice Statistics. (Like many jails, Barnstable does not track its own recidivism rate.)

Beyond Barnstable
Since 2014, nine Massachusetts prisons and 10 jails have added Vivitrol to their drug treatment arsenals. About 50 state prisons in Colorado, Kentucky, Missouri, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Utah and West Virginia now dispense the medication. And at least 30 jails in California, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Missouri, New York, Ohio, Utah, Wisconsin and Wyoming also are offering it to departing inmates, according to the drug’s manufacturer, Alkermes.

The nation’s nearly 200,000 federal prisoners have not been offered any addiction medicines, though the Federal Bureau of Prisons is considering changing that policy this year.

Addiction experts argue medication-assisted drug treatment is not spreading fast enough in U.S. prisons and jails.

One of three medications approved for opioid treatment, Vivitrol is not a narcotic and therefore not a controlled substance. The other two medications, buprenorphine and methadone, are narcotics, which are anathema to most criminal justice systems.

The downside to Vivitrol is that patients must be off of all opioids for at least seven days before receiving an injection, a painful and sometimes costly proposition. Being behind bars obviates that problem, since most addicts do not have access to drugs while incarcerated.

Addiction specialist Dr. Kevin Fiscella said the failure to offer medication to more incarcerated addicts is “a missed opportunity” to treat inmates, many of whom are motivated to beat the disease that put them in prison, in a controlled environment. “There is no better place to intervene in an individual’s addiction than in corrections,” he said.

For one inmate at a Massachusetts prison, opting for Vivitrol was easy. In a video provided by corrections officials, he said he injured his shoulder playing lacrosse in high school and was prescribed Percocet, an opioid painkiller. He said he fell in love with the way it made him feel and quickly moved to heroin, a cheaper, more available alternative. Right after he graduated, he was arrested for breaking and entering and theft, and was sent to prison.

“I have friends that have sworn up and down about Vivitrol and how good it is and how it takes away the urge. They all have jobs now. They’ve been out of trouble forever. So when I got offered it, I said, ‘Don’t even finish the sentence, I’ll sign up right now,’ ” the inmate said.

Not a ‘Magic Cape’
Vivitrol is an injectable form of naltrexone, an oral medication that has been used to treat opioid addiction since 1984. It is similar to naloxone or Narcan, which reverse the effects of an opioid overdose.

Vivitrol and related medications, called antagonists, block the brain’s opioid receptors, making it nearly impossible to get high from opioids. Although scientists are not exactly sure how, antagonists reduce the addicted brain’s obsessive cravings for drugs.

Approved for opioid treatment by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2010, Vivitrol was added to Barnstable’s longstanding re-entry drug treatment program in 2012.

Inmates who enter the program are told about the potential benefits of the medication and given the option of receiving their first injection a few days before being released.

“No matter how long they’ve been drug-free, inmates tell us they start actively dreaming about getting high in the last few weeks before they’re released,” Barnstable Sheriff James Cummings said.

Of the nearly 200 inmates who have chosen to receive the injection, about half have remained sober. Only one has died of an overdose.

“It’s not a magic cape,” said Andrew Klein, a corrections expert who is working with prisons and jails — including Barnstable — on medication-assisted treatment programs.

The biggest challenge, Klein said, is getting inmates to continue taking the medication once they leave the facility. “The physical symptoms of their addiction clear up pretty quickly and they feel like they’ve licked it, so they stop showing up for the monthly injections,” Klein said. “That’s when they tend to relapse.”

Experts agree that medications should be combined with behavioral counseling.

But the precise amount and type of counseling hasn’t been established. “At the very least, they need to be reminded to keep taking the medicine,” said Klein, a consultant with Advocates for Human Potential, which specializes in behavioral health.

Although Vivitrol’s efficacy at dampening drug cravings has been shown, the drug is relatively new and no definitive study has proven its long-term effectiveness at preventing relapse.

Dosing and Counseling
At Barnstable, only 34 of the inmates who took Vivitrol completed an intensive six-month rehabilitation program before release. Despite agreement on the effectiveness of combining counseling and other types of therapy with the medicine, Barnstable does not require it.

“We’re seeing Vivitrol as a lifesaving medication,” said Jessica Burgess, the jail’s health services director. “We’re not going to deny it to anyone.”

Inmates interested in receiving it are given a physical exam. They also receive a short-acting oral form of the drug to check for potentially severe adverse reactions such as gastrointestinal disorders or dizziness. Inmates are also warned that once they are released, the long-acting medication will prevent them from getting high on opioids or alcohol.

On average, participants in the Barnstable program received five shots, including the injection they received before being released. Some stopped taking the injections after two or three months and relapsed. But according to Cummings, the sheriff, most were eager to get back on the medication.

Most ex-prisoners can’t afford to continue on the medication — which costs $1,000 per injection — without insurance coverage of some kind. In Massachusetts, prisons and jails enroll departing inmates in the state’s Medicaid program, which covers the cost.

Word of Mouth
Nearly half of the inmates in Barnstable’s 588-bed facility are addicted to opioids when they arrive. But in the nearly four years Vivitrol has been offered, fewer than 200 have opted to take it.

Their reasons for declining it vary. Most are in denial that they have an addiction. Many are unwilling to give up drugs and alcohol. Some don’t want to make the monthlong commitment that comes with receiving the injection.

But officials here say resistance is starting to diminish.

“The number of requests we’re receiving from inmates asking for Vivitrol has been steadily increasing since the start of the program,” Burgess said. “We attribute this to word of mouth and increased awareness.”

In the first year of the program, 37 inmates received the shot, followed by 51 the second year and 53 the third year. Since May 2015, 50 have signed up.

People outside of corrections who seek treatment for opioid and heroin addiction also have reservations about Vivitrol. Abstaining from opioids for seven days can be painful and dangerous. If patients relapse, they are at high risk for an overdose.

At Gosnold, a treatment center in nearby Falmouth, CEO Raymond Tamasi said the most common objection is fear of using drugs while on the medication and overdosing. That’s despite clear evidence that people who try to abstain from drugs without the help of medications are far more likely to die from an overdose, he said.

“Advances are coming in pharmacology,” Tamasi said. “Someday soon I expect we’ll view Vivitrol like the early days of penicillin.”

State Rep. Ron Bacon (R-Chandler) paired his sneakers with his suit today at the Statehouse to help raise cancer awareness.

“I am extremely excited to be taking part in Suits and Sneakers Day at the Statehouse,” Bacon said. “This event allows us to help overcome cancer, a disease that affects nearly 35,000 Indiana residents a year.”

The Suits and Sneakers challenge is an annual event sponsored by the American Cancer Society and the National Association of Basketball Coaches to help raise cancer awareness and support those affected by the disease.

Visit www.cancer.org for more information on how to help spread awareness and fight back against cancer.